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| Bhagavadgíta,-अष्टमोऽध्यायः । अक्षरब्रह्मयोगः , (S.-1, Ch.-8, V.-2) |
अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्मधुसूदन ।प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः ॥ ८-२॥ |
adhiyajñaḥ kathaṃ ko'tra dehe'sminmadhusūdana । prayāṇakāle ca kathaṃ jñeyo'si niyatātmabhiḥ ॥ 8-2॥ |
adhiyajñaḥ = Chief Sacrifice, Lord of Sacrifice, Basis of Sacrifice. katham = how? in what manner? ka = who, what? atra = here, in this case, in this instance. dehe = in the body. asmin = in this. madhusiidana = Slayer of Madhu, epithet of Krishna-Vishnu refer-ring to his killing of the demon Madhu. prayiifJakiile = at the time of death, at the hour of death, at the time of departure. ca = and. katham = how? in what way? jñeyo = to be known. asi = thou art. niyata = controlled, subdued. atmabhis= by selves. (niyatatmabhis = by those whose selves are controlled.) |
O Purushottama! What is that Brahma? What is Adhyatma? What is Karma?
What is Adhibhuta, and what is called as Adhidaiva? O Madhusudana! Who
is Adhiyajna here and how does it reside in this body, and how are You to be
realized at the time of death by persons with able mind? ||8-1,2||
Komentář:
Arjuna's questions continue. They are simply phrased, but difficult to understand if we don't understand these terms. Adhiyajna involves the idea of sacrifice. The particle adhi- means "eternal". Sacrifice, as an action, involves the concept of the Doer. Many things happen where we do not understand "who" is doing them, events that are beyond our control or influence. There is a stream of actions that happen of their own accord, irrespective of what individual beings want. The sun does not ask us when we would like it to rise, the rising of the sun happens. These are the actions of the universe. A bottle floating in the river does not determine where it goes on its own, it is completely under the control of the flow of the water. The universe lives in this way and is indifferent to what we as individuals want. Our likes and dislikes are of no consequence. As individuals we sacrifice ourselves to this universal flow, which gains us nothing, we are like the bottle floating on the river.
When we perform the aghnihotra, the mantra is about the extent of this universe where we float, about the Doer moving the entire universe of which we are a part. Sacrifice means "I am not the one in control". This body is not mine, nothing that I might believe is "mine" belongs to me, everything is the flow of the universe, and this is an eternal flow. Arjuna is asking: How does all of this universal action come into the human body to run its existence? His next question of Krishna is: When the prana leaves the body, how can people realize You? Everything that interests us during our lives is meaningless, and that moment reveals this. We are all ignorant of this fact, everybody in the entire world lives in this ignorance. Arjuna is asking how one can recall Brahma at that last moment before our physical death. The Vedic cultural concept is that one can either escape the constant cycle of reembodiment and merge with the unmanifest, or return again and again. The next verses answer these questions.
Govindji says detachment/enlightenment can be attained right here and right now.
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