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O Purushottama! What is that Brahma? What is Adhyatma? What is Karma?

What is Adhibhuta, and what is called as Adhidaiva? O Madhusudana! Who

is Adhiyajna here and how does it reside in this body, and how are You to be

realized at the time of death by persons of able mind? ||8-1,2||

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Komentář:

Arjuna cannot decide, and so he asks Krishna, his great friend who is such a wise and brave yogi, who embodies Brahma in all he does, who is beyond ego, to help him. Arjuna is too enveloped in his own ego and all it involves, like every other human being on Earth - completely absorbed in our identity, which is our aim, and in our career, which is what we do to promote that identity. Arjuna, representing human beings, asks these questions of Krishna like a schoolchild. "What is Brahma?" is his first question. He is the classic example of the pupil whose body is present but whose mind has been elsewhere. He has not yet realized what he is actually made of. Usually when we ask this question we immediately identify ourselves in terms of our relationships to others, as our mother's child, for example, and then we identify ourselves as what we do for a living, like being a farmer, and then if we come to Ayurveda, to yoga, to philosophy, we learn that while a person receives genes for the body from their ancestors, one's mind is something different and unique - these are the desires, wishes, longings of the individual self. The next step we can take is to ask:  To whom do all of us belong, my ancestors, I myself, the fish, the frogs - whose are we all? There is a river that is carrying us all, and that river is Brahma. Arjuna has not yet absorbed this and that is why he is asking, because like most people, he is interested in what concerns him only. 

The next question he asks is: What is the Adhyatma? What is this spirit and soul, Atma, the highest soul, the Supreme Soul, the origin of all? All spaces and times of individual existences have a pre-space and pre-time, space and time that precedes them, comes before them, that is different than the individual existence that then comes into being. The "adhy" particle in this word indicates the eternity underlying everything. What lies beneath Atma? This is part of the aims and vocabulary of a yogi.  

The next question is:  What is Karma? What is action, doing, performance, the force of creation? Action is like a camel, standing on all four legs, or like a centipede with its 100 legs - doing encompasses many, many things.

The next question is:  What is Adhibhuta? This is sometimes translated as infinity, but that only means "never-ending" - Adhibhuta means the concept of something that never begins and therefore never ends, it is more like eternal. Bhuta here means existence - so What is eternal existence?

The next question is:  What is Adhidaiva? What is the eternal force? This is where Chapter 8 Verse 1 ends.

 

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