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samkhya sutra,-Vishayadhyaya, (S.-1, Ch.-1, V.-12) |
न कालयोगतो व्यापिनो नित्यस्य सर्वसम्बन्धात् । |
na kālayogato vyāpino nityasya sarvasambandhāt । |
Time and Soul cannot fuse |
na = no; kāla-yogatas = a time period – connection with; vyāpinaḥ = since all-pervading; nityasya = regular, the eternal, Atma; sarva-sambandhāt = by having relation with all. |
Because the soul is eternal, it cannot be fused with time, which otherwise fuses with all else that exists.
____James R. Ballantyne, London 1885_____ Not from connexion with time [does bondage befall the soul]; because this, all-pervading and eternal, is [eternally] associated with all, [and not with those alone who are in bondage].
The verse uses the word nitya, which means something that constantly, eternally exists. People are not eternal, but the Soul, which existed before the life of any individual, will still exist when the individual is gone. We are limited in time, but the Soul is not - nobody knows when it started or if it will ever finish. The term kala-yogata means combining with time. Yoga here does not mean exercises, but it means a union (and that was clear at the time this was written to the people who were using the word, which is why the ingredients of that union are not specified here). Whatever we perceive with our senses is sthula (gross) - our senses unaided cannot perceive the atoms matter is made of, we see what is gross, but everything gross is actually composed of what is slukshma (subtle), compounds of various qualities that cluster together until something gross exists. The basic element of all that exists is Brahma - the coefficient. From that root element, in Vedic philosophy, the entire universe is made. Kala-yoga means a union with time, and everything that exists is in union with time. The Soul, however, is timeless. Sarva here means all, everybody, everything and sambandhat means to be related. All living entities have a relationship with time, which applies to them. The Soul is never dependent on time, or fused with it, or limited by it. Living creatures have a beginning, middle and end in time, and that means that they belong in the category of the material world. The level of Purusha is the level of the Soul and the level of Prakrti is the level of the material. Today we are confused because we speak of people having souls or spirits, but the level of Soul is beyond the material level. Our emotions, our sense of identity, are the illusion of the ego. This is like when we switch on a light. The light bulb exists and is connected to a light source, but if the switch is off, there will be no light. When we switch on the light, then the time of the light shining begins. For everything that exists, the Soul is what takes the action of turning it on, beginning its ahamkar, its identity, which will only run for a certain time. The Soul is also what turns off the light.