द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे । स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः ॥ ४-२८॥

dravyayajñāstapoyajñā yogayajñāstathāpare । svādhyāyajñānayajñāśca yatayaḥ saṃśitavratāḥ ॥ 4-28॥

द्रव्य = dravya (n.), substance, thing, object, mate-rial possession.; 

यज्ञ = yajña (m. nom. pl.), sacrifices, offerings. (द्रव्ययज्ञ = dravyayajfitis, m. npm. pI. BV cpd., those whose sacrifices are made with material things.); 

तप = tapas (n.), austerity, self-denial.; 

यज्ञ = yajña (m. nom. pl.), sacrifices, offerings. (तपोयज्ञा tapoyajfitis, m. nom. pI. BV cpd., those whose sacrifices are made in the fotm of austerity. ); 

योग = yoga (m.), Yoga.; 

यज्ञ = yajña (m. nom. pl.), sacrifices, offerings. (yogayajfitis, m. nom. pI. BV cpd., those whose sacrifices take the form of Yoga.); 

तथा = tatha, thus, also, likewise.; 

अपरे = apare (m. nom. pl.), some, others.; 

स्वाध्याय = svādhyāya (m.), Veda study, reciting the Veda to oneself.; 

ज्ञान =  jñāna (n.), knowledge, wisdom.; 

यज्ञ = yajña (m. nom. pl.), sacrifices, offerings. (स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च svādhyāyajñānayajñāśca, m. nom. pI. BV

cpd., those whose sacrifices consist of Veda study and the knowledge sacrifice.).

च = ca, and.; 

यतयः = yatayas (m. nom. pl.), ascetics, men of aus-terity.; 

संशित = saTnsita (p. pass. participle sam *si), sharp-ened, whetted.; 

व्रताः = vratāḥ (m. nom. pl.), vows, ordinances, rules, commands.