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१. सूत्रस्थानम् 1.sūtrasthānam,-१आयुष्कामीय:-01āyuṣ-kāmīya:, (S.-1, Ch.-1, V.-36-38)

आयुष्-काम-दिनर्त्व्-ईहा-रोगान्-उत्पादन-द्रवाः । अन्न-ज्ञानान्न-संरक्षा-मात्रा-द्रव्य-रसाश्रयाः ॥ ३६ ॥ दोषादि-ज्ञान-तद्-भेद-तच्-चिकित्सा-द्व्य्-उपक्रमाः । शुद्ध्य्-आदि-स्नेहन-स्वेद-रेकास्थापन-नावनम् ॥ ३७ ॥ धूम-गण्डूष-दृक्-सेक-तृप्ति-यन्त्रक-शस्त्रकम् । सिरा-विधिः शल्य-विधिः शस्त्र-क्षाराग्नि-कर्मिकौ ॥ ३८ ॥ सूत्र-स्थानम् इमे ऽध्यायास् त्रिंशच् छारीरम् उच्यते ।

āyuṣ-kāma-dinartv-īhā-rogān-utpādana-dravāḥ । anna-jñānānna-saṃrakṣā-mātrā-dravya-rasāśrayāḥ ॥ 36 ॥ doṣādi-jñāna-tad-bheda-tac-cikitsā-dvy-upakramāḥ । śuddhy-ādi-snehana-sveda-rekāsthāpana-nāvanam ॥ 37 ॥ dhūma-gaṇḍūṣa-dṛk-seka-tṛpti-yantraka-śastrakam । sirā-vidhiḥ śalya-vidhiḥ śastra-kṣārāgni-karmikau ॥ 38 ॥ sūtra-sthānam ime 'dhyāyās triṃśac chārīram ucyate ।

आयुष्-काम ájuṣkáma = desire for long life; दिन dina = day; ऋतु ṛtu = period; ईहा íhá = activity; रोगान्∼róga = disease; उत्पादन utpádana = product; द्रवाः draváḣ∼drava = materials;

अन्न anna = food; ज्ञानान्न gjánánna = knowledge; संरक्षा saṁrakšá = protection; मात्रा mátrá = amount; द्रव्य dravja = ingredients; रसाश्रयाः rasáśrajáḣ = appetite;

दोषादि dóṣádi = errors; ज्ञान gjána = knowledge; तद् tad = hence; भेद bhéda = inborn signs; तच् tač = their; चिकित्सा čikitsá = treatment; द्व्य् dvj = two; उपक्रमाः upakramáḣ = process;

शुद्ध्य् śuddhi = clean; आदि ádi = et cetera; स्नेहन snéhana = gentleness; स्वेद svéda = sweating; रेका réká = elimination; आस्थापन ásthápana = sliding in oil; नावनम्∼návana = always new;

धूम dhúma = smoke; गण्डूष gaṇḍúṣa = gargling; दृक्d∼ṛk = the place observed; सेक séka = wearing; तृप्ति tṛpti = fulfillment; यन्त्रक jantraka = blunt instrument; शस्त्रकम्∼śastraka = sharp instrument;

सिर sirá = vein; विधिः∼vidhi = knowledge of technique; शल्य śalja ............surgery; विधिः∼vidhi = ........ method, technique; शस्त्र śastra = rules; क्षार kšára = acids, astringernts; अग्नि agni = agni; कर्मिकौ∼karmika = action;

सूत्र-स्थानम् sútra-sthánam = section with basic principles; इमे imé∼idam = this; ऽध्यायास्∼Adhyaya = chapter; त्रिंशच् triṁśač∼triṁśat = 30; छारीरम् čháríram∼šáríra = body; उच्यते učjaté∼vač = word.

Sutra sthan (the principal verse) - 30 chapters

1. Ayuskamiya adhyaya (desire for long life). 2. Dinacharya adhyaya (daily). 3. Ritucharya adhyaya (seasonal regimen). 4. Roganutpadaniya adhyaya (prevention of diseases). 5. Dravadravya vijnaniya adhyaya (knowledge of liquid materials). 6. Annasvarupa vijnaniya adhyaya (nature of food materials). 7. Annaraksadhyaya (Protection of foods). 8. Matrasitiyadhyaya (Proper quantity of food). 9. Dravyadi vijnaniya adhyaya (Knowledge of substances, etc.). 10. Rasabhediya adhyaya (classification of tastes). 11. Dosadi vijnaniya adhyaya (Knowledge of doshas, etc.). 12. Dosabhediya adhyaya (classification of dosas). 13. Dosopakramaniya adhyaya (treatment of the doshas). 14. Dvividhopakramaniya adhyaya (two kinds of treatments). 15. Sodhanadigana sangraha adhyaya (groups of herbs for purifying therapies etc.). 16. Sneha vidhi adhyaya (oil therapies). 17. Svedavidhi adhyaya (sweating therapies). 18. Vamana virecana vidhi adhyaya (emesis and purgation therapies). 19. Basti vidhi adhyaya (enemas). 20. Nasya vidhi adhyaya (nasal medication). 21. Dhumapana vidhi adhyaya (inhalation of smoke through nose). 22. Gandusadi vidhi adhyaya (mouth gargles and other therapies). 23. Ascyotana-anjana vidhi adhyaya (eye drops, collyrium therapies). 24. Tarpana-putapaka vidhi adhyaya (satiating the eye and other therapies). 25. Yantra vidhi adhyaya (use of blunt instruments). 26. Sastra vidhi adhyaya (use of sharp instruments). 27. Siravyadha vidhi adhyaya (phlebotomy). 28. Salyaharana vidhi adhyaya (removal of foreign objects). 29. Sastrakarma vidhi adhyaya (surgeries). 30. Ksaragnikarma vidhi adhyaya (alkaline and thermal cautery).

Commentary

The Ashtanga Hrdayam has six parts: In the first one, the information is very condensed, like a riddle, and if it is solved, a great deal of information is contained there. This kind of information system is for people whose minds are quick, who can immediately comprehend something, all it takes is one indication and they are able to associate it with the bigger context. Even a long set of instructions is not guarantee that somebody will grasp what is being said. One can take notes, read the books, but that is no guarantee of understanding. Intelligence is required. If one has this capacity, then even more can be gained than the mere content of these "passwords".

This first part has 30 chapters with a great deal to be understood in them, but it requires a lot of additional information and the sharpness of mind to decode this. This is the inventory of the content ahead of us.

The 30 chapters are :

1. Ayushkámíya adhyáya (desire for a long life). Life is life when there are no disorders. The family is a family if children keep being born, a business is a business if something is always being produced and sold. If there are diseases in our life, then the life becomes not living, but is replaced by anxieties and ailments, like a business undergoing bankruptcy.

2. Dinacharyá adhyaya (daily regime). The day and night are constantly transforming, the morning hours and evening hours have different characteristics, and according to them, life runs, like a mountain that takes millions of years to rise up. Each time of the day involves different changes that impact us, like walking through a grove of trees. If one does not know what to expect, then one might get shat on by the birds in the trees, or the falling rotten fruit. The morning, afternoon and evening all have their characteristics that influence us.

3. Ritucharyá adhyáya (the regime of seasonal change). The transformation of the seasons also influences us. Each season has a beginning, a climax and an end, and if one does not know what to expect at what time, that can be a problem.

4. Rógánutpádaníya adhyáya (disease prevention). This is about how disease is created. As we walk through the day and night and the seasons, then we automatically come to know that unless we compromise with those changes, we will not make it. The same applies to food and drink, one must know how to deal with it, which is only possible when one knows what substances are and what food is. One is constantly walking through the process of eating as well.

5. Dravadravya vigyánaníya adhyáya (knowledge of fluid materials), knowing about dosages of things we intake and their impact, which dosages are acceptable and which are not.

6. Anna - svarúpavigyánaníya adhyáya (the nature of food)

7. Anna - rakshá adhyaya (conserving food)

8. Mátráshitíy adhyáya (the correct amount of food)

9. Dravyádi vigyánaníya adhyáya (knowledge of mixtures, etc.)

10. Rasabhédíya adhyáya (the division of the flavors), the mahabhutas of food, their flavors, how to recognize their content according to rasa.

11. Dóshádi vigyánaníya adhyáya (knowledge of the doshas, etc.)

12. Dóshabhédíya adhyáya (division of the doshas and their hidden significances),

13. Dóshópakramaníya adhyaya (treatment of the doshas). Whoever knows how something is put together is able to repair it. Whoever does not know cannot. Just as we all own cars but did not build them, so we have to take them to mechanics to repair them, so we need to take our bodies to practitioners for repair.

The rest of the chapters are about different healing techniques and clinical skills for correcting our lifestyle and resolving sickness and suffering:

14. Dvividhópakramaníya adhyaya (two kinds of treatment),

15. Shódhánadigana sangraha adhyaya (groups of herbs for purgative therapy, etc.),

16. Snéha vidhi adhyaya (oil procedures),

17. Svédavidhi adhyaya (sweat therapy),

18. Vamana viréchana vidhi adhyaya (emetic procedures),

19. Basti vidhi adhyaya (enemas),

20. Nasya vidhi adhyaya (nasal drops),

21. Dhumapána vidhi adhyaya (inhaling smoke through the nose),

22. Gandúshádi vidhi adhyaya (gargling and other therapies),

23. Áshchótana - andjana vidhi adhyaya (eyedrops and colyrium),

24. Tarpana - putapáka vidhi adhyaya (soaking or washing the eyes and other therapies),

25. Yantra vidhi adhyaya (the use of blunt instruments),

26. Shastra vidhi adhyaya (the use of sharp instruments),

27. Sirávyadha vidhi adhyaya (phlebotomy),

28. Shalyaharana vidhi adhyaya (removal of foreign bodies),

29. Shastrakarma vidhi adhyaya (surgery),

30. Kshárágnikarma vidhi adhyaya (alkali use and cauterization).

University of Ayurveda Prague, Czech Republic

Interpretation and Commentary by Ayurvedacharya Govinda Ji.
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